FLORA
Centennial Holm Oaks (Quercus ilex). You can admire these holm oaks with their imposing stature and dense canopies, which can easily be over a hundred years old. They provide shade and shelter to a wide variety of wildlife. Adapted to drought conditions and poor soils, they stand as witnesses to history, playing a vital role in the stability and sustainability of ecosystems.
Juniper (Juniperus communis). It has needle-shaped leaves and spherical fruits that turn dark blue as they mature. Its berries are used in the production of gin and traditional remedies. It can survive in extreme conditions, thriving in poor soils and enduring intense cold. It helps prevent soil erosion and provides food and shelter for various species of wildlife.
Esparto Grass (Stipa tenacissima). This herbaceous plant has long, linear, and tough leaves that form dense clumps. Adapted to extreme drought conditions and poor soils, it prevents soil erosion. It has great importance in the traditional rural economy, as its fibres are used for making ropes, baskets, and other artisanal products.
Autumn Crocus (Crocus nudiflorus). Known for its violet flowers that emerge directly from the ground without visible leaves. It is easy to spot around the Convent in late summer and early autumn, adding a splash of colour when many other plants have stopped blooming. It is also important because it provides nectar and pollen to pollinators at a time of year when floral resources are scarce.
Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna). It has thorny branches and lobed leaves and is appreciated for its white flowers and red fruits that ripen in autumn. These fruits are a vital food source for birds and small mammals during the colder months. It also holds importance in traditional medicine, valued for its cardiotonic and sedative properties.
Wild Iris (Iris planifolia). It is distinguished by its blue or violet flowers that bloom in late winter and early spring. You can find it in the calcareous and rocky soils. Adapted to Mediterranean climatic conditions, it thrives in well-drained terrains and can withstand summer droughts.
Dark Bee Orchid (Ophrys fusca). Its flowers, in dark brown tones with distinctive patterns that mimic the wings and body of a bee, attract male bees by emitting pheromones, ensuring pollination. It blooms in spring among low vegetation and rocks. Beyond its aesthetic and pollination value, it serves as a bioindicator of ecosystem health.
Yellow Bee Orchid (Ophrys lutea). It stands out for its bright yellow flowers, adorned with a dark brown labellum resembling the shape of an insect. Bees mistake its flower for potential mates due to its appearance and pheromones.
Mirror Orchid (Ophrys speculum). Its name comes from its shiny, metallic blue labellum that mimics the abdomen of a female wasp, attracting males for pollination. The flowers, with velvety brown edges and a yellow base, emerge in spring in sunny, well-drained terrain.
Butterfly Orchid (Orchis papilionacea). This species is distinguished by its pink to purple flowers with a broad, striped labellum that resembles butterfly wings. It blooms from April to June, preferring open, sunny areas. Its flowers can vary in colour and pattern depending on the location and environmental conditions, showcasing incredible diversity.